| AEPF |
Average Effective Pedaling Force |
the average pedaling force applied to the pedal that causes the crank to turn around a complete revolution and contributes to effectively moving the bike forward |
Newtons (N) |
| ATL |
Acute Training Load |
a rolling short-term (default is seven days) or an athlete's training load |
TSS per day |
| Cad |
Cadence |
Pedaling revolutions per minute |
RPM |
| CIL |
Chronic Intensity Load |
an indicator of how the quality of training is progressing through the season; CIL = [(1000* Today's IF) * (1-e^(-1/42)] + {Yesterday's CIL * (e^(-1/42)] |
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| CPV |
Circumferential Pedal Velocity |
how fast the pedal moves around the circle it makes while pedaling |
IF per day |
| CTL |
Chronic Training Load |
a rolling long-term (default is six weeks) of an athlete's training load |
TSS per day |
| EF |
Efficiency Factor |
Normalized power (NP) or Normalized Graded Pace (NGP) divided by average heart rate for a workout or a selected portion of a workout |
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| Fmax |
Fmax |
maximal ground reaction force, based on stance time, cadence, and weight |
Newtons (N) or g force |
| Form |
Form, or another term for TSB |
an athlete's readiness to perform at peak |
TSS per day |
| FRC |
Functional Reserve Capacity |
the total amount of work that can be done during continuous exercise above FTP (functional threshold power) before fatigue occurs |
kJ or J/kg |
| FTP |
Functional Threshold Power |
the highest power a rider can maintain in a quasi-steady state without fatiguing |
Watts |
| GCT |
Ground Contact Time |
the amount of time your foot is in contact with the ground on each stride |
ms |
| GPA |
Gross Power Absorbed |
the power in a pedal stroke that does NOT contribute to moving the bicycle forward |
Watts |
| GPR |
Gross Power Released |
the power that contributes to moving the bicycle forward; there is both positive and negative power in each pedal stroke by each leg |
Watts |
| grade |
Grade |
average grade over the entire range selected in the RHE |
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| HR |
Heart Rate |
the number of times your heart beats per minute |
BPM |
| IF |
Intensity Factor |
the ratio of Normalized Power to Functional Threshold Power |
Ratio of NP:FTP |
| KI |
Kurtotic Index |
the ratio of the maximum effective pedal force to the average effective pedal force during the power-producing phase of the pedal stroke |
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| Kleg |
Kleg |
the leg spring stiffness constant |
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| Max |
Maximum |
the highest of a collection of numbers |
N/A |
| MEPF |
Maximum Effective Pedaling Force |
the maximum pedaling force applied to the pedal that causes the crank to turn around a complete revolution and contributes to effectively moving the bike forward |
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| mFTP |
Modeled FTP |
the estimated/modeled FTP supplied by the Power Duration Model in WKO4; mFTP is not directly linked to TSS or PMC metrics and is a guide to help you better establish your sFTP |
Watts |
| MMP |
Mean Max Power |
the single highest power number achieved for a select time range |
Watts |
| NGP |
Normalized Graded Pace |
the adjusted pace reported from a global positioning system (GPS) or other speed/distance device that reflects the changes in grade and intensity that contribute to the physiological cost of running on varied terrain; requires time, speed, elevation, and distance |
Minutes per mile |
| NP |
Normalized Power |
estimated average power of a workout if it had been completed at a constant power output |
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| Pa:Hr |
Pace to Heart Rate |
the relationship between pace and heart rate |
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| PDC |
Power Duration Curve |
an estimate of the relationship between time to exhaustion and work rate during both anaerobic and aerobic exercise |
W or W/kg |
| Pmax |
Pmax |
the maximal power that can be generated for a very short period of time over at least a full pedal revolution with both legs |
W or W/kg |
| PWHR |
Power to Heart Rate |
When aerobic endurance improves, there is reduced heart rate drift relative to constant outputs (power and speed). PW:HR attempts to quantify heart rate drift by showing the percentage change in the ratio of average power to average heart rate of the first half of an interval or steady effort compared to the second half. |
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| Ramp |
Ramp Rate |
the rate at which CTL (chronic training load) is rising or declining |
TSS per day |
| RE |
Running Effectiveness |
the ratio of speed to power; the inverse of the effective horizontal retarding force that a runner must overcome to achieve a particular speed |
kg per Newton |
| rgrade |
Rolling Grade |
second by second grade, calculated as grade with a little smoothing applied to elevation to remove obvious noise/measurement errors; requires elapseddistance and elevation |
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| RPM |
Rotations Per Minute |
used with cadence |
RPM |
| sFTP |
Set FTP |
the user-defined and user-set FTP in WKO4; the base calculation for all TSS and PMC metrics |
Watts |
| SLR |
Simple Linear Regression |
a method of predicting scores on one variable based on the scores on a second variable; produces a line representing the best-fitting straight line through the predicted scores |
N/A |
| Stamina |
Stamina |
a measure of resistance to fatigue during prolonged duration, moderate intensity (i.e., sub-FTP) exercise |
% of Max (0-100%) |
| TiZ |
Time in Zone |
cumulative (but not necessarily consecutive) time spent in a specific training zone |
H:M:S (time) |
| TSB |
Training Stress Balance |
intersection of CTL (chronic training load) and ATL (acute training load); an athlete's readiness to perform at peak |
TSS per day |
| TSS |
Training Stress Score |
the total workload of a ride as a function of duration and intensity |
TSS |
| TTE |
Time to Exhaustion |
the maximum duration for which a power equal to FTP can be maintained |
H:M:S (time) |
| VAM |
Velocita Ascensionale Media |
average ascent speed (the acronym and term are Italian) |
m/h |
| Vertical oscillation |
Vertical oscillation |
how much your center-of-mass bounces or travels up-and-down while running |
cm |
| VI |
Variability Index |
the measure of how smooth or evenly paced an athlete's power output was during a race or workout |
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| WAC |
Williams Allen Coggan |
"Against World Class" - measured power duration curve against world class curve |
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